Within this range they occur from the Pacific coast (sea-level), up to the tree line on both sides of the Andes and on the Patagonian steppe in Argentina. In the northern part of the range in Chile, a Mediterranean-type climate with hot dry summers predominates and Austrocedrus chilensis is the only conifer. Further south, conifers occur in Valdivian rainforest, North Patagonian rainforest or Magellanic rainforest, depending on the latitude. Small extensions of these rainforests occur in adjacent parts of Argentina. The region contains only nine conifer species, two of which are endemic to Chile. Of the nine species, six are globally threatened with the remainder (Podocarpus nubigenus, Lepidothamnus fonkii and Saxegothaea conspicua) being nationally threatened either in Argentina or Chile. Threats in the region include fire, forest conversion to commercial plantations, flooding due to hydroelectric schemes and grazing.