However, the overwhelming direct reasons for deforestation is agriculture for subsistence farming or commercial agriculture and forestry plantations. Over the last 50 years many countries have seen a dramatic loss of forest for example, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Chile is the second most deforested country in South America. Much of this has come about by wholesale deforestation to replace native temperate rainforests with commercial plantations, with much of the timber going to the wood chip industry. This clearance has had both a direct and indirect impact on the nine conifer species native to Chile.