Afrocarpus falcatus, Podocarpus henkelii) in South Africa and Mozambique, the majority are mostly restricted to highland areas, characterized by a patchy mosaic of forest and grassland. At mid elevations the subtropical forests consist of a mixture of angiosperm and Podocarps while at higher altitudes Podocarps become dominant. Seventeen conifer taxa are found in this region, nine of which are currently globally threatened. In Madagascar there are seven endemic conifer taxa, five of which are threatened and all restricted to tropical montane forest of which more than 90% has been lost. On the mainland, the four species of Widdringtonia (Cupressaceae) occur at mid to high elevations, often on steep rocky slopes or in Afromontane forests. Two of these are threatened and one is Near Threatened. Threats in this conifer region include fire (especially for three of the four Widdringtonias), historical logging, deforestation and grazing. In Madagascar forest loss is due to slash-and-burn, selective logging and overgrazing.