The conifers mainly include podocarps, most of which are abundant in mid-to high-elevation forests, however, with an increasing elevation stands become more frequent and often the subalpine forests is dominated by one or few species of conifer. Dacrydium species sometimes occur in lowland heath forests (kerangas), typically on the island of Borneo. The Araucariaceae is represented by Araucaria (two species) and Agathis (ca seven species) which form huge emergent trees across a wide range of elevations. In north-west Sumatera and northern Philippines drier sites on poor acid soils support pine forests which are fire-adapted. The Malesiana Region currently contains 27 globally threatened conifer taxa and the main threats include logging, deforestation, mining, drainage of peat swamps for expansion for agriculture crops especially palm oil. Global climate change may be having an effect on a number of endemic montane species; most tropical conifers are fire and drought intolerant.