For the conifers, it is an area of transition with major genera such as Abies, Cupressus, Juniperus and Pinus reaching their southern most distribution and where essentially southern hemisphere genera such as Podocarpus and Prumnopitys start to become increasingly more frequent. Levels of endemism are relatively low. The majority of threatened species occur in biodiverse cloud forests especially at higher elevations in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras where subpopulations tend to be small or localised. Major threats include small and large scale logging, the conversion of forests for agriculture and grazing as well as over harvesting of selected species for Christmas trees.